Proctology

(haemorrhoids, fissures, and anal fistulas)

Proctology is a medical specialty focused on the diagnosis and treatment of disorders affecting the rectum, anus, and lower part of the colon. Key conditions in proctology include:

• Haemorrhoids: Swollen veins in the rectal area that can cause symptoms such as bleeding, itching, and discomfort during bowel movements. They are often diagnosed through physical examination and can be treated with lifestyle changes, topical treatments, or endoscopic or surgical procedures if severe.
• Fissures: Small tears in the lining of the anus that lead to pain and bleeding during or after bowel movements. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, and treatment may include topical medications, dietary adjustments, and sometimes surgery for chronic cases.
• Anal Fistulas: Abnormal, often painful, connections between the anal canal and the skin surrounding the anus. Symptoms include persistent anal discharge, pain, and irritation. Diagnosis typically involves physical examination and sometimes imaging or endoscopy. Treatment usually requires surgical intervention to repair the fistula and prevent recurrence.

Proctological conditions are investigated using a combination of physical examinations, endoscopic procedures, and imaging techniques. Treatment varies based on the specific condition and severity, ranging from conservative management to surgical interventions.